Tension headaches, being the most common type of headache, exhibit a range of intensity, from mild to moderate, and can occur infrequently or, for some individuals, multiple times a week.

Typically, a tension headache manifests as a dull, squeezing pain experienced on both sides of the head and may occasionally extend to the neck and shoulders. The duration of tension headaches can span from 20 minutes to two hours. To alleviate the discomfort of a tension headache, various options are available, such as over-the-counter pain relievers, a heating pad, a brief nap, a snack, yoga, or a refreshing shower.

Migraines occur less frequently than tension headaches but are more intense in pain. They are more prevalent in women compared to men. Nevertheless, men over the age of 40 who experience migraines may have a higher risk of a heart attack.

Around 70% of migraines are influenced by genetics. In fact, most individuals who suffer from migraines have at least one close relative or family member with a history of migraines.

Migraines are often preceded by several hours of fatigue, sluggishness, restlessness, depression, or irritability, and they typically begin in the evening or during sleep. Some individuals also experience an aura along with their migraines, which may involve seeing halos, flashing lights, wavy lines, sparkles, and, in some cases, temporary vision loss.

The majority of migraine sufferers do not experience an aura. In most cases, migraine pain initiates on one side of the head, usually around the eye and temple, and then spreads to the back of the head. Migraine pain is often described as throbbing or pulsating and can be accompanied by nausea.

Certain symptoms of migraines can be similar to those of sinus headaches. To distinguish between the two, we recommend using the acronym POUND:

• Pulsating pain
• One-day duration
• Unilateral (one-sided) pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Disabling intensity

Migraine attacks can last anywhere from four to 24 hours. Early treatment with over-the-counter pain relievers and a combination of caffeine can help alleviate the pain. If over-the-counter medications are ineffective, doctors may prescribe triptans or preventative medications to their patients.

Cluster headaches, though rare, are the most severe type of headache. They are commonly experienced by middle-aged men with a history of smoking. The name “cluster headaches” comes from their tendency to occur in clusters, with one to eight headaches a day, often recurring during the same time of year every year or two.

These headaches strike suddenly and can last anywhere from 30 minutes to an hour. They cause intense pain on one side of the head and may lead to red, painful, watery, and droopy eyes. The nose may also run or be blocked, and there could be associated nausea and sensitivity to light. During a cluster headache attack, individuals may become restless and agitated.

Treatment for cluster headaches can involve inhaling high-flow oxygen or using medications like triptans or verapamil.